What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It's primarily caused by poor oral hygiene that allows plaque to build up on teeth and harden into tartar. In its early stage (gingivitis), gums become red, swollen, and bleed easily. If untreated, it can advance to periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss.
Warning Signs to Watch For
Early detection is key to successful treatment. Watch for gums that bleed when brushing or flossing, red, swollen or tender gums, persistent bad breath, receding gums, loose or shifting teeth, and changes in how your teeth fit together when you bite.
Prevention Strategies
The good news is that gum disease is largely preventable. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, using proper technique. Floss daily to remove plaque from areas your toothbrush can't reach. Use an antimicrobial mouthwash. Don't smoke — tobacco use is one of the biggest risk factors. Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins C and D. Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the stage of gum disease. Early gingivitis can often be reversed with professional cleaning and improved home care. More advanced cases may require scaling and root planing (deep cleaning), antibiotic treatment, or in severe cases, surgical intervention to restore supportive tissues.
